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Eliminating World Poverty: Making Globalisation Work for the Poor
Highlights on the themes of civil society and education
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Three Definitions
Selected Extracts
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The growing interdependence and interconnectedness of the modern
world through increased flows of goods, services, capital, people and information. The
process is driven by technological advances and reductions in the costs of international
transactions, which spread technology and ideas, raise the share of trade in world
production and increase the mobility of capital. |
Human capital
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In general usage, the value to a society of the skills, talents,
expertise, qualifications and health of the working-age population. In economic usage, the
value over a fixed future period of the additional productivity of skilled people compared
with unskilled people. General human capital includes literacy and numeracy levels,
entrepreneurship and creativity, and specific skills acquired through vocational training
(e.g. medical, legal, IT, scientific and other professional skills). These skills comprise
part of a country's intangible assets, upon which enterprise and social structures are
built. The basic building-block of human capital is low infant mortality, universal
primary and secondary school education and affordable health care; followed by affordable
university and vocational training, and increasingly, in more advanced countries,
"life-long learning" and continuous skills acquisition. Possession of these
skills increases and broadens earnings opportunities and directly influences standards of
living for individuals and improves economy-wide productivity. |
Civil society
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All civic organisations, associations and networks which occupy the
"social space" between the family and the state except firms and political
parties; and who come together to advance their common interests through collective
action. Includes volunteer and charity groups, parents and teachers associations, senior
citizens groups, sports clubs, arts and culture groups, faith-based groups, workers clubs
and trades unions, non-profit think-tanks, and "issue-based" activist groups. By
definition, all such civic groups are non-government organisations (NGOs). The NGOs which
have come together under the banner of global civil society to campaign on
globalisation-related issues constitute a sub-set of broader civil society. |
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19. Managed wisely, the new wealth being created by globalisation creates the
opportunity to lift millions of the world's poorest people out of their poverty. Managed
badly and it could lead to their further marginalisation and impoverishment. Neither
outcome is predetermined; it depends on the policy choices adopted by governments,
international institutions, the private sector and civil society.
26. Stronger international institutions and a much stronger commitment to sustainable
development at the national and the international level are needed to help the world
shift to more sustainable patterns of production and consumption. But if the world remains
deeply divided and the poorest countries believe that improved environmental standards
will prevent or hinder their development, international agreement to protect global
environmental resources will become impossible. A world commitment to sustainable
development is dependent on the guarantee of development for the poor
36. The reality is that all profound economic and social change produces winners and
losers. The role of government in these circumstances is to help manage the process of
change - to maximise economic opportunities for all, and to equip people, through
education and active labour market policies, to take advantage of these opportunities.
41. First, the importance of political will. It is not inevitable that globalisation
will work well for the poor - nor that it will work against them. This depends on the
policies that governments and international institutions pursue. We need developing
countries, developed countries, international institutions, the private sector and civil
society to rise to the challenges of globalisation, to exploit better its
opportunities and minimise its risks. Developing countries must lead the effort for
greater poverty reduction in their countries. But developed countries and international
institutions must support them in this process.
45.To succeed in the new global economy, poor countries need healthy and well-educated
people, and greater access to knowledge, ideas and new information and communication
technologies. And to reduce poverty more quickly, there needs to be a shift in the global
research effort.
50. Where there are no rules, the rich and powerful bully the poor and the
powerless. In a globalising world, poor countries need effective, open and accountable
global institutions where they can pursue their interests on more equal terms.
104. Education and skills are the commanding heights of the modern global economy.
Globalisation - and the growth of knowledge-based systems of production - is both
increasing the rewards for education and raising the costs of exclusion from it. If
globalisation is to work for poor people, increased investment in education, lifelong
learning and skills is essential.
105. One of the ways in which globalisation could help to eliminate poverty is by
speeding up the diffusion of knowledge and technology to developing countries. But for
countries to make use of modern technology, they must improve education and skills
training.
311. The UK Government is committed to working with others to build the capacity of
governments to lead the formulation, implementation and monitoring of the Poverty
Reduction Strategy process, and to ensure full participation of civil society. We will
encourage development NGOs to strengthen their links with civil society in developing
countries - so that faith groups in particular are empowered to lobby for a strong poverty
reduction focus in government policy. We will continue to encourage the World Bank and the
IMF to make the necessary changes to their own structures and working methods in a way
that is consistent with their commitment to the Poverty Reduction Strategy process.
360. If the international system is to work for poor people, we need stronger
national and global civil society demanding the changes necessary to deliver the
International Development Targets. The spread of democracy across the world has
created an opportunity for progress.
361. It is particularly important to strengthen the voices of civil society in
developing countries. The Voices of the Poor consultation showed that poor people
place their greatest trust in churches and faith groups. But other groups - human rights
and women's organisati (sic)
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THE UK GOVERNMENT WILL:
![bullet](_themes/nature/nabull1.gif) | Support open and competitive processes for the selection of the top management of
international institutions. |
![bullet](_themes/nature/nabull1.gif) | Work to strengthen the development efforts of the G8, the OECD and the Commonwealth, and
for G8 and OECD decisions to take greater account of developing country interests. |
![bullet](_themes/nature/nabull1.gif) | Support the development of international and national statistical capacity, so that we
can measure progress against the International Development Targets. |
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![bullet](_themes/nature/nabull1.gif) | Work to enhance and improve the effectiveness the UN's role in conflict prevention and
peace-building, and to secure agreement to the implementation of the Brahimi Report within
12 months. |
![bullet](_themes/nature/nabull1.gif) | Bring forward legislation to ratify the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
and encourage other countries to do so. |
![bullet](_themes/nature/nabull1.gif) | Work with civil society to strengthen the capacity of poor people to hold governments
and international institutions to account for progress on poverty reduction. |
![bullet](_themes/nature/nabull1.gif) | Build on our successful programme of Development Policy Forums with a further round
focused on globalisation and poverty in the new Parliament. |
![bullet](_themes/nature/nabull1.gif) | Publish an account of progress towards the International Development Targets, which
could form the basis for regular parliamentary debates. |
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